​a. Broker means a joint stock company that carries on brokerage activities and the broker agent who is working at the brokerage company and carries out all or part the following activities:

1. acts in a commercial capacity as an intermediary in the trading of Securities, other than persons working on the basis of a contractual arrangement as defined in paragraph (b) of this Article, including any person who commercially acts as a custodian for Securities;
2. presents in a commercial capacity an offer to others for obtaining financial assets in the form of Securities by opening an account through which transactions in Securities may be effected;
3. effects in a commercial capacity Securities transactions for its own account other than by way of issuing Securities, in order to create a market in Securities and make a profit out of the difference between offer prices for Securities and demand;
4. acquires or places Securities in a commercial capacity for an issuer or a person who controls an issuer;
5. acts as an intermediary in a commercial capacity - other than persons who act on the basis of a contractual arrangement as defined in paragraph (b) of this Article - including in arranging currency or Securities swaps.

b. A portfolio manager means:

1. Any person acting in a commercial capacity who, on the basis of a contractual arrangement or otherwise, manages either Securities owned by a person or investment funds owned by a natural or judicial person which are intended for investment in Securities, and whose activities may include transactions in Securities or ordering Securities transactions to be effected for the account of the person with whom the contractual arrangements have been made;
2. Any person acting in a commercial capacity who, on the basis of a contractual arrangement, carries on the works mentioned in paragraph (a.5) of this Article.
   

c. The Authority may specify, in the rules that it issues, such exemptions from the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Article as it considers will achieve the safety of the market and the protection of the investor.